The effects of referees on the final score in football

Autores

  • Matías Fontenla University of New Mexico.
  • Germán M. Izón Eastern Washington University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52292/j.estudecon.2018.1098

Palavras-chave:

referee bias, favouritism, football, soccer

Resumo

This paper examines whether there exists favouritism by individual referees in favour of the home team in Argentina’s first division football (soccer) league. We study 936 matches between 2008 and 2010, and run both ordinary least squares (OLS) and two-stage least squares (2-SLS) specifications. Using goal differential between the home and away teams as the dependent variable, we find that individual referees have a statistically significant effect on the score of the game, even after controlling for referee actions such as yellow and red cards, penalties awarded, and other factors such as team quality, crowd size, and crowd composition. Crowd size and composition do not seem to affect the outcome of the game.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Basmann, R. L. (1960). On finite sample distributions of generalized classical linear identifiability test statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 55 (292), 650659 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1960.10483365

Becker, G. S., & Stigler, G. J. (1974). Law enforcement, malfeasance, and compensation of enforcers. The Journal of Legal Studies, 3 (1), 1-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/467507

Boyko, R. H., Boyko, A. R., & Boyko, M. G. (2007). Referee bias contributes to home advantage in English Premiership Football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25 (11), 11851194 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410601038576

Dohmen, T., & Sauermann, J. (2016). Referee bias. Journal of Economic Surveys, 30 (4), 679695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12106

Duggan, M., & Levitt, S. D. (2002). Winning isn’t everything: Corruption in sumo wrestling. American Economic Review, 92 (5), 15941605 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/000282802762024665

Equis (2006). Estudio sobre adhesiones a equipos de fútbol. Recuperado de http://www.consultoraequis.com/

Fabbri, Alejandro (2008). Historias Negras del Fútbol Argentino. Buenos Aires: Capital Intelectual

Garicano, L., Palacios-Huerta, I., & Prendergast, C. (2005). Favoritism under social pressure. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 87 (2), 208216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/0034653053970267

Hart, O., & Holmström, B. (1987). The Theory of Contracts. En Bewley, T. F. Advances in Economic Theory: Fifth World Congress of the Econometric Society (pp. 71-155). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521340446.003

Johnston, R. (2008). On referee bias, crowd size, and home advantage in the English soccer Premiership. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26 (6), 563568 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701736780

Knowles, J., Persico, N., & Todd, P. (2001). Racial bias in motor vehicle searches: Theory and evidence. Journal of Political Economy, 109 (1), 203229 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/318603

Lucey, B. M., & Power, D. A. (2009). Do football referees display home bias? Recuperado de http://ssrn.com/abstract=552223

Nevill, A. M., Balmer, N. J., & Williams, A. M. (2002). The influence of crowd noise and experience upon refereeing decisions in football.Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3 (4), 261272 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(01)00033-4

Pettersson-Lidbom, P., & Priks, M. (2010). Behavior under social pressure: Empty Italian stadiums and referee bias. Economics Letters, 108 (2), 212214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2010.04.023

Sargan, J. D. (1958). The estimation of economic relationships using instrumental variables. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 26 (3), 393415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1907619

Stock, J. H., & Yogo, M. (2005). Testing for weak instruments in linear IV regression. En Andrews, D. W. K., & Stock J. H. (Eds.). Identification and Inference for Econometric Models: Essays in Honor of Thomas Rothenberg (pp. 80108). New York: Cambridge University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614491.006

Sutter, M., & Kocher, M. G. (2004). Favoritism of agents–the case of referees’ home bias. Journal of Economic Psychology, 25 (4), 461469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4870(03)00013-8

Downloads

Publicado

2018-06-04

Como Citar

Fontenla, M., & Izón, G. M. (2018). The effects of referees on the final score in football. Estudios económicos, 35(70), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.52292/j.estudecon.2018.1098

Edição

v. 35 n. 70 (2018)

Seção

Artigos

Licença

Os autores que publicam em Estudos Económicos concordam com os seguintes termos:

Os autores mantêm os direitos de autor e concedem à revista o direito de ser a primeira publicação da obra conforme licenciada sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International, que permite a outros partilhar a obra com um reconhecimento de autoria da obra e publicação inicial nesta revista.

Os autores podem celebrar separadamente acordos adicionais para a distribuição não exclusiva da versão da obra publicada na revista (por exemplo, colocando-a num repositório institucional ou publicando-a num livro) com um reconhecimento da publicação inicial nesta revista.

Os autores são autorizados e encorajados a divulgar o seu trabalho electronicamente (por exemplo, em repositórios institucionais ou no seu próprio website) antes e durante o processo de submissão, uma vez que pode levar a intercâmbios produtivos, bem como a citação anterior e superior do trabalho publicado.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC